A high mammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. MBD is influenced by hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle factors. Studies investigating the associations of individual nutrients such as vitamin D, calcium, and carotenoids with MBD have been inconsistent and mainly null.

However, a recent study considered whether a combination of these vitamins and nutrients, usually found in multivitamins, is associated with MBD. It hypothesized that vitamins and minerals might influence breast tissue composition and MBD. Vitamins A and D regulate cell growth and differentiation, potentially affecting MBD, whereas vitamins C and E may reduce oxidative damage to breast tissue, potentially lowering MBD.

The study ultimately found that there are no associations between multivitamin use and MBD, regardless of the frequency of use. Studies evaluating the potential interactions among dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and MBD are needed to enhance our understanding of how dietary factors impact MBD.

Reference: Oginni OG, Al Hasan SM, Toriola AT. Multivitamin Use and Mammographic Breast Density. J Nutr. Published online March 14, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010